Articles & Blog Posts

Michael Brenndoerfer

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Mostly thoughts on data, AI, software engineering—and where they intersect with finance, business, and entrepreneurship.

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TF-IDF and Bag of Words: Complete Guide to Text Representation & Information Retrieval

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Data, Analytics & AIMachine LearningLanguage AI Handbook

TF-IDF and Bag of Words: Complete Guide to Text Representation & Information Retrieval

Learn TF-IDF and Bag of Words, including term frequency, inverse document frequency, vectorization, and text classification. Master classical NLP text representation methods with Python implementation.

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TF-IDF and Bag of Words: Complete Guide to Text Representation & Information Retrieval

Word Embeddings: From Word2Vec to GloVe - Understanding Distributed Representations

Text Preprocessing: Complete Guide to Tokenization, Normalization & Cleaning for NLP

Quadratic Programming for Portfolio Optimization: Complete Guide with Python Implementation

Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: Complete Guide to VRPTW Optimization with OR-Tools

Minimum Cost Flow Slotting: Complete Guide to Network Flow Optimization & Resource Allocation

Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for Factory Optimization: Complete Guide with Mathematical Foundations & Implementation

CP-SAT Rostering: Complete Guide to Constraint Programming for Workforce Scheduling

NHITS: Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series Forecasting with Multi-Scale Decomposition & Implementation

N-BEATS: Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Time Series Forecasting

HDBSCAN Clustering: Complete Guide to Hierarchical Density-Based Clustering with Automatic Cluster Selection

Hierarchical Clustering: Complete Guide with Dendrograms, Linkage Criteria & Implementation

SARIMA: Complete Guide to Seasonal Time Series Forecasting with Implementation

Exponential Smoothing (ETS): Complete Guide to Time Series Forecasting with Weighted Averages & Holt-Winters

Prophet Time Series Forecasting: Complete Guide with Trend, Seasonality & Holiday Effects

Scaling Up without Breaking the Bank: AI Agent Performance & Cost Optimization at Scale

Managing and Reducing AI Agent Costs: Complete Guide to Cost Optimization Strategies

Speeding Up AI Agents: Performance Optimization Techniques for Faster Response Times

Maintenance and Updates: Keeping Your AI Agent Running and Improving Over Time

Monitoring and Reliability: Keeping Your AI Agent Running Smoothly

Deploying Your AI Agent: From Development Script to Production Service

Ethical Guidelines and Human Oversight: Building Responsible AI Agents with Governance

Action Restrictions and Permissions: Controlling What Your AI Agent Can Do

Content Safety and Moderation: Building Responsible AI Agents with Guardrails & Privacy Protection

Refining AI Agents Using Observability: Continuous Improvement Through Log Analysis

Understanding and Debugging Agent Behavior: Complete Guide to Reading Logs & Fixing AI Issues

Adding Logs to AI Agents: Complete Guide to Observability & Debugging

Continuous Feedback and Improvement: Building Better AI Agents Through Iteration

Testing AI Agents with Examples: Building Test Suites for Evaluation & Performance Tracking

Setting Goals and Success Criteria: How to Define What Success Means for Your AI Agent

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TF-IDF and Bag of Words: Complete Guide to Text Representation & Information Retrieval

Word Embeddings: From Word2Vec to GloVe - Understanding Distributed Representations

Text Preprocessing: Complete Guide to Tokenization, Normalization & Cleaning for NLP

Quadratic Programming for Portfolio Optimization: Complete Guide with Python Implementation

Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: Complete Guide to VRPTW Optimization with OR-Tools

Minimum Cost Flow Slotting: Complete Guide to Network Flow Optimization & Resource Allocation

Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for Factory Optimization: Complete Guide with Mathematical Foundations & Implementation

CP-SAT Rostering: Complete Guide to Constraint Programming for Workforce Scheduling

NHITS: Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series Forecasting with Multi-Scale Decomposition & Implementation

N-BEATS: Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Time Series Forecasting

HDBSCAN Clustering: Complete Guide to Hierarchical Density-Based Clustering with Automatic Cluster Selection

Hierarchical Clustering: Complete Guide with Dendrograms, Linkage Criteria & Implementation

SARIMA: Complete Guide to Seasonal Time Series Forecasting with Implementation

Exponential Smoothing (ETS): Complete Guide to Time Series Forecasting with Weighted Averages & Holt-Winters

Prophet Time Series Forecasting: Complete Guide with Trend, Seasonality & Holiday Effects

Scaling Up without Breaking the Bank: AI Agent Performance & Cost Optimization at Scale

Managing and Reducing AI Agent Costs: Complete Guide to Cost Optimization Strategies

Speeding Up AI Agents: Performance Optimization Techniques for Faster Response Times

Maintenance and Updates: Keeping Your AI Agent Running and Improving Over Time

Monitoring and Reliability: Keeping Your AI Agent Running Smoothly

Deploying Your AI Agent: From Development Script to Production Service

Ethical Guidelines and Human Oversight: Building Responsible AI Agents with Governance

Action Restrictions and Permissions: Controlling What Your AI Agent Can Do

Content Safety and Moderation: Building Responsible AI Agents with Guardrails & Privacy Protection

Refining AI Agents Using Observability: Continuous Improvement Through Log Analysis

Understanding and Debugging Agent Behavior: Complete Guide to Reading Logs & Fixing AI Issues

Adding Logs to AI Agents: Complete Guide to Observability & Debugging

Continuous Feedback and Improvement: Building Better AI Agents Through Iteration

Testing AI Agents with Examples: Building Test Suites for Evaluation & Performance Tracking

Setting Goals and Success Criteria: How to Define What Success Means for Your AI Agent

Explore by Topic

Stay updated