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Michael Brenndoerfer

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Mostly thoughts on data, AI, software engineering—and where they intersect with finance, business, and entrepreneurship.

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N-gram Language Models: Probability-Based Text Generation & Prediction

Learn how n-gram language models assign probabilities to word sequences using the chain rule and Markov assumption, with implementations for text generation and scoring.

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N-gram Language Models: Probability-Based Text Generation & Prediction

Smoothing Techniques for N-gram Language Models: From Laplace to Kneser-Ney

Bag of Words: Document-Term Matrices, Vocabulary Construction & Sparse Representations

Sentence Segmentation: From Period Disambiguation to Punkt Algorithm Implementation

N-grams: Capturing Word Order in Text with Bigrams, Trigrams & Skip-grams

Word Tokenization: Breaking Text into Meaningful Units for NLP

Text Normalization: Unicode Forms, Case Folding & Whitespace Handling for NLP

Regular Expressions for NLP: Complete Guide to Pattern Matching in Python

Character Encoding: From ASCII to UTF-8 for NLP Practitioners

TF-IDF and Bag of Words: Complete Guide to Text Representation & Information Retrieval

Word Embeddings: From Word2Vec to GloVe - Understanding Distributed Representations

Text Preprocessing: Complete Guide to Tokenization, Normalization & Cleaning for NLP

Quadratic Programming for Portfolio Optimization: Complete Guide with Python Implementation

Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: Complete Guide to VRPTW Optimization with OR-Tools

Minimum Cost Flow Slotting: Complete Guide to Network Flow Optimization & Resource Allocation

Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for Factory Optimization: Complete Guide with Mathematical Foundations & Implementation

CP-SAT Rostering: Complete Guide to Constraint Programming for Workforce Scheduling

NHITS: Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series Forecasting with Multi-Scale Decomposition & Implementation

N-BEATS: Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Time Series Forecasting

HDBSCAN Clustering: Complete Guide to Hierarchical Density-Based Clustering with Automatic Cluster Selection

Hierarchical Clustering: Complete Guide with Dendrograms, Linkage Criteria & Implementation

SARIMA: Complete Guide to Seasonal Time Series Forecasting with Implementation

Exponential Smoothing (ETS): Complete Guide to Time Series Forecasting with Weighted Averages & Holt-Winters

Prophet Time Series Forecasting: Complete Guide with Trend, Seasonality & Holiday Effects

Scaling Up without Breaking the Bank: AI Agent Performance & Cost Optimization at Scale

Managing and Reducing AI Agent Costs: Complete Guide to Cost Optimization Strategies

Speeding Up AI Agents: Performance Optimization Techniques for Faster Response Times

Maintenance and Updates: Keeping Your AI Agent Running and Improving Over Time

Monitoring and Reliability: Keeping Your AI Agent Running Smoothly

Deploying Your AI Agent: From Development Script to Production Service

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N-gram Language Models: Probability-Based Text Generation & Prediction

Smoothing Techniques for N-gram Language Models: From Laplace to Kneser-Ney

Bag of Words: Document-Term Matrices, Vocabulary Construction & Sparse Representations

Sentence Segmentation: From Period Disambiguation to Punkt Algorithm Implementation

N-grams: Capturing Word Order in Text with Bigrams, Trigrams & Skip-grams

Word Tokenization: Breaking Text into Meaningful Units for NLP

Text Normalization: Unicode Forms, Case Folding & Whitespace Handling for NLP

Regular Expressions for NLP: Complete Guide to Pattern Matching in Python

Character Encoding: From ASCII to UTF-8 for NLP Practitioners

TF-IDF and Bag of Words: Complete Guide to Text Representation & Information Retrieval

Word Embeddings: From Word2Vec to GloVe - Understanding Distributed Representations

Text Preprocessing: Complete Guide to Tokenization, Normalization & Cleaning for NLP

Quadratic Programming for Portfolio Optimization: Complete Guide with Python Implementation

Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: Complete Guide to VRPTW Optimization with OR-Tools

Minimum Cost Flow Slotting: Complete Guide to Network Flow Optimization & Resource Allocation

Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for Factory Optimization: Complete Guide with Mathematical Foundations & Implementation

CP-SAT Rostering: Complete Guide to Constraint Programming for Workforce Scheduling

NHITS: Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series Forecasting with Multi-Scale Decomposition & Implementation

N-BEATS: Neural Basis Expansion Analysis for Time Series Forecasting

HDBSCAN Clustering: Complete Guide to Hierarchical Density-Based Clustering with Automatic Cluster Selection

Hierarchical Clustering: Complete Guide with Dendrograms, Linkage Criteria & Implementation

SARIMA: Complete Guide to Seasonal Time Series Forecasting with Implementation

Exponential Smoothing (ETS): Complete Guide to Time Series Forecasting with Weighted Averages & Holt-Winters

Prophet Time Series Forecasting: Complete Guide with Trend, Seasonality & Holiday Effects

Scaling Up without Breaking the Bank: AI Agent Performance & Cost Optimization at Scale

Managing and Reducing AI Agent Costs: Complete Guide to Cost Optimization Strategies

Speeding Up AI Agents: Performance Optimization Techniques for Faster Response Times

Maintenance and Updates: Keeping Your AI Agent Running and Improving Over Time

Monitoring and Reliability: Keeping Your AI Agent Running Smoothly

Deploying Your AI Agent: From Development Script to Production Service

Explore by Topic

Stay updated