Volume 11 of 20 · PDF edition
Available nowFine-tuning and Efficient Adaptation
For practitioners adapting foundation models with full fine-tuning, LoRA-family methods, adapters, and instruction data.
Read every available chapter online for free. The paid edition is a focused, carefully typeset volume PDF with future chapters, updates, and errata included.
- Written chapters
- 23 written chapters
- Approximate pages
- ~730 pages
- Edition
- Version 2026.08.0
- Price
- $24 one-time

Author and edition details
About the author and Volume 11 PDF edition

Michael Brenndoerfer
Michael has spent more than a decade working across software engineering, data, AI, and business. He writes to understand difficult ideas more deeply and to share what he learns in a clear, practical way.
- Edition
- Volume 11 PDF 2026.08.0
- Published
- Last reviewed
Focused learning path
What this volume covers
- Fine-tuning Fundamentals
- Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning
- Instruction Tuning
Audience and prerequisites
Where this volume fits
For practitioners adapting foundation models with full fine-tuning, LoRA-family methods, adapters, and instruction data.
Prerequisites: Assumes familiarity with a pretrained encoder or decoder from Volumes 8–9.
Free online preview
Start with “Transfer Learning”
Covers transfer learning paradigm, pre-training/fine-tuning split, what transfers, transfer learning efficiency.
Exact contents
23 chapters available now
Part XXXIV: Fine-tuning Fundamentals
- 01Transfer Learning
Covers transfer learning paradigm, pre-training/fine-tuning split, what transfers, transfer learning efficiency.
- 02Full Fine-tuning
Covers full fine-tuning procedure, fine-tuning hyperparameters, learning rate selection, batch size effects.
- 03Catastrophic Forgetting
Covers forgetting phenomenon, forgetting measurement, forgetting mitigation, pre-trained capability preservation.
- 04Fine-tuning Learning Rates
Covers discriminative fine-tuning, layer-wise learning rates, warmup for fine-tuning, learning rate decay.
- 05Fine-tuning Data Efficiency
Covers few-shot fine-tuning, data augmentation, sample efficiency patterns, small data strategies.
Part XXXV: Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning
- 01PEFT Motivation
Covers parameter storage costs, multi-task deployment, PEFT efficiency, PEFT quality trade-offs.
- 02LoRA Concept
Covers weight update decomposition, low-rank assumption, LoRA efficiency gains, LoRA flexibility.
- 03LoRA Mathematics
Covers LoRA formulation W + BA, rank selection, initialization scheme, LoRA gradient computation.
- 04LoRA Implementation
Covers LoRA module design, merging weights, LoRA training loop, LoRA in PyTorch, HuggingFace PEFT usage.
- 05LoRA Hyperparameters
Covers rank selection guidelines, alpha/rank ratio, which layers to adapt, LoRA dropout.
- 06QLoRA
Covers 4-bit quantization for base model, NF4 data type, double quantization, QLoRA memory savings.
- 07AdaLoRA
Covers importance-based pruning, SVD-based adaptation, dynamic rank, AdaLoRA training procedure.
- 08IA3
Covers IA3 formulation, learned rescaling vectors, IA3 parameter efficiency, IA3 vs LoRA.
- 09Prefix Tuning
Covers prefix tuning formulation, prefix length selection, prefix tuning for generation, prefix vs LoRA.
- 10Prompt Tuning
Covers prompt tuning formulation, prompt initialization, prompt tuning scaling, prompt length effects.
- 11Adapter Layers
Covers adapter architecture, adapter placement, adapter dimensionality, adapter fusion.
- 12PEFT Comparison
Covers performance comparison, parameter efficiency comparison, task suitability, practical recommendations.
Part XXXVI: Instruction Tuning
- 01Instruction Following
Covers instruction tuning motivation, instruction format design, instruction diversity, instruction quality.
- 02Instruction Data Creation
Covers human annotation, template-based generation, seed task expansion, quality filtering.
- 03Self-Instruct
Covers self-instruct procedure, instruction generation, response generation, filtering strategies.
- 04Instruction Format
Covers prompt templates, system messages, multi-turn format, chat templates, role definitions.
- 05Instruction Tuning Training
Covers instruction tuning data mixing, training hyperparameters, loss masking, multi-task learning.
- 06Instruction Following Evaluation
Covers instruction following benchmarks, human evaluation, automatic evaluation, instruction difficulty.
Volume 11 PDF
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Kept current, not frozen in time
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Current release
Edition 2026.08.0
Initial volume-library release with 19 written PDFs, a Volume 3 placeholder, and no combined edition.